Dr. Muhammed Affan is the director of Al Sharq Academia and a lecturer of Political Science at Ibn Haldun University. A medical doctor by training, he holds a PhD in Middle East Politics from the University of Exeter and an MA degree in Comparative Politics from the American University in Cairo. He is the author of Secularism Confronts Islamism: Divergent Paths of Transitional Negotiations in Egypt and Tunisia. His research interests include Islamism and democratisation in the MENA region.