Michael A. Reynolds is an associate professor of Near Eastern Studies and Co-Director of the Program in History and the Practice of Diplomacy at Princeton University. He is the author of Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1908-1918 and is completing a biography of Enver Pasha. He comments periodically on current affairs and his writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, War on the Rocks, The National Interest, and Newsweek. In 2021-2022, he was a visiting Fulbright Scholar at the Moscow State Institute for International Relations.