This session explored the foundational principles guiding Turkish foreign policy, notably centred around revisioning, reformism, and rebuilding. Speakers highlighted the breakdown of the post-World War II international system, leading to a state of potential chaos in global affairs. The session concluded with a brief reflection on the Turkish defence industry’s contribution to diplomatic objectives, encompassing both soft and hard power dynamics. Despite the vast scope of Turkish policy over the century, the session provided valuable insights into Türkiye’s aspirations and its emergence as a significant global actor.