In this expert roundtable, it was claimed that the EU’s multilateralism, shaped by the aftermath of the Ukraine war, faces multifaceted challenges. Geopolitical shifts, particularly Russia’s transformation, demand a comprehensive reassessment of strategies. Internal challenges, such as the absence of a cohesive foreign policy and struggles with identity consolidation, underscore the delicate balance required for effective multilateralism. The EU exhibits adaptability but contends with persistent issues like the tiered system among citizens and the imperative for vigilance against Russian threats.